Multiparametric magnetic resonance imaging-guided salvage radiotherapy in prostate cancer

AimTo analyse the efficacy and toxicity of postprostatectomy SRT in patients with a BCR evaluated with mpMRI.BackgroundMultiparametric magnetic resonance imaging (mpMRI) has the ability to detect the site of pelvic recurrence in patients with biochemical recurrence (BCR) after radical prostatectomy (RP). However, we do not know the oncological outcomes of mpMRI-guided savage radiotherapy (SRT).ResultsLocal, lymph node, and pelvic bone recurrence was observed in 13, 4 and 2 patients, respectively. PSA levels were significantly lower in patients with negative mpMRI (0.4 ng/mL [0.4]) vs. positive mpMRI (2.2 ng/mL [4.1], p = 0.003). Median planning target volume doses in patients with visible vs. non-visible recurrences were 76 Gy vs. 70 Gy. Overall, mean follow-up was 41 months (6–81). Biochemical relapse-free survival (bRFS) at 3 years was 82.3% and 82.5%, respectively, for the negative and positive mpMRI groups (p = 0.800). Three-year rates of late grade ≥2 urinary and rectal toxicity were 14.8% and 1.9%, respectively; all but one patient recovered without sequelae.ConclusionSRT to the macroscopic recurrence identified by mpMRI is a feasible and well-tolerated option. In this study, there were no differences in bRFS between MRI-positive and MRI-negative patients, indicating effective targeting of MRI-positive lesions.     

Catechol thioethers with physiologically active fragments: Electrochemistry,antioxidant and cryoprotective activities

A number of asymmetrical thioethers based on 3,5-di-tert-butylcatechol containing sulfur atom bonding with physiologically active groups in the sixth position of aromatic ring have been synthesized and the electrochemical properties, antioxidant, cryoprotective activities of new thioethers have been evaluated. Cyclic voltammetry was used to estimate the oxidation potentials of thioethers in acetonitrile. The electrooxidation of compounds at the first stage leads to the formation of o-benzoquinones. The antioxidant activities of the compounds were determined using 2,2′-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl radical (DPPH) assay, experiments on the oxidative damage of the DNA, the reaction of 2,2′-azobis(2-amidinopropane hydrochloride) (AAPH) induced glutathione depletion (GSH), the process of lipid peroxidation of rat liver (Wistar) homogenates in vitro, and iron(II) chelation test. Compounds 1–9 have greater antioxidant effectiveness than 3,5-di-tert-butylcatechol (CatH₂) in all assays. The variation of physiologically active groups at sulfur atom allows to regulate lipophilic properties and antioxidant activity of compounds. Thioethers 3, 4 and 7 demonstrate the combination of radical scavenging, antioxidant activity and iron(II) binding properties. The researched compounds 1–9 were studied as possible cryoprotectants of the media for cryopreservation of the Russian sturgeon sperm. Novel cryoprotective additives in cryomedium reduce significantly the content of membrane-permeating agent (DMSO). A cryoprotective effect of an addition of the catechol thioethers depends on the structure of groups at sulfur atom. The cryoprotective properties of compounds 3, 4 and 7 are caused by combination of catechol fragment, bonded by a thioether linker with a long hydrocarbon chain and a terminal ionizable group or with a biologically relevant acetylcysteine residue.     

PAN- b- PEG- b- PAN 两亲性嵌段共聚物的合成及热稳定性

以2-溴丙酰溴封端的聚乙二醇（PEG2000）为大分子引发刺,溴化亚铜（CuBr）为催化剂,2,2＇-联吡啶（bpy）为配体,碳酸乙烯酯（EC）为溶剂,采用原子转移自由基聚合（ATRY）法合成了两亲性嵌段共聚物PAN-b-PEG-b-PAN。通过FTIR、^1HNMR和GPC对产物的结构进行了表征,并运用TGA对PAN-b-PEG-b-PAN两亲性嵌段共聚物的热稳定性进行了研究。结果表明：PAN-b-PEG-b-PAN的热稳定性较纯PEG要高,且随着PAN-b-PEG-b-PAN两亲性嵌段共聚物的分子量的增加,此嵌段共聚物的热稳定性增强。它的起始的分解温度为275℃,在275℃-450℃失重较少,失重率约为15％,在400℃-450℃迅速分解,失重率为60％左右。     

加速康复外科理念在根治性子宫切除术患者中的应用研究

目的:探讨加速康复外科理念对行根治性子宫切除术的宫颈癌患者的围手术期应用价值。方法:选取2013年1月至2018年7月在我院行因宫颈癌行根治性子宫切除术的66例患者作为研究对象。将入院患者随机分为观察组及对照组,观察组接受加速康复外科理念治疗(30例),对照组为常规治疗组(36例)。比较两组患者的肠鸣音恢复时间、肛门排气时间、下床行走时间、术后住院时间以及术后并发症的发生情况。结果:观察组与对照组肠鸣音恢复时间分别为(35.9±3.4)h及(39.6±3.0)h,术后首次排气时间分别为(50.7±2.7)h及(54.8±3.2)h,下床行走时间分别为(49.9±2.6)h及(53.6±3.2)h。术后住院时间分别为(7.6±1.7)d及(9.2±1.8)d,观察组以上指标均显著短于对照组(P0.01)。观察组与对照组的术后并发症总发生率分别为10.11%及23.44%,观察组显著低于对照组(P0.05)。两组拔除尿管后尿潴留的发生情况比较差异无统计学意义(P0.05)。结论:加速康复外科理念用于宫颈癌根治术患者的围手术期可有效加速患者的康复,且安全性较高。     

血清白介素8基因多态性与食管鳞癌根治术后的相关性分析

摘要 目的：探讨与分析血清白细胞介素8（IL-8）基因多态性与食管鳞癌（ESCC）根治术后的相关性。方法：2017年8月到2020年6月选择在本院诊治的食管鳞癌患者98例作为研究对象,检测血清IL-8表达水平。所有患者都给予根治手术治疗,随访患者的预后并进行相关性分析。结果：所有患者术后随访到2021年7月,平均随访时间为25.69±2.58个月,死亡28例,死亡率为28.6 %（死亡组）。两组血清IL-8表达水平表达具有差异（P<0.05）。所有患者的基因型频率均符合Hardy-Weinberg这一平衡法则,表明本文所选取的样本均具有群体代表性。IL-8基因启动子rs4073A/T的AA基因型较死亡组高,TT基因型较死亡组低,两组A、T等位基因频率分布对比有差异（P<0.05）。直线相关性分析显示：IL-8基因启动子rs4073A/T的AA基因型、A等位基因、血清IL-8表达水平与预后死亡率存在相关性（P<0.05）。多因素logistic回归分析显示：IL-8基因启动子rs4073A/T的AA基因型、A等位基因、血清IL-8表达水平为导致患者随访死亡的主要因素（OR=2.051,3.094,P<0.05）。结论：食管鳞癌根治术后患者依然存在一定的死亡率,患者死亡与血清IL-8基因多态性存在相关性,同时多伴随有IL-8的高表达。IL-8基因启动子rs4073A/T的AA基因型、A等位基因、血清IL-8表达水平为导致患者死亡的主要因素。     

Changes in prostate cancer incidence,mortality and survival in relation to prostate specific antigen testing in New South Wales,Australia

BackgroundTo examine changes in prostate cancer incidence and mortality rates, and 5-year relative survival, in relation to changes in the rate of prostate specific antigen (PSA) screening tests and the use of radical prostatectomy (RP) in the Australian population.MethodsProstate cancer stage-specific incidence rates, 5-year relative survival and mortality rates were estimated using New South Wales Cancer Registry data. PSA screening test rates and RP/Incidence ratios were estimated from Medicare Benefits Schedule claims data. We used multiple imputation to impute stage for cases with “unknown” stage at diagnosis. Annual percentage changes (APC) in rates were estimated using Joinpoint regression.ResultsTrends in the age-standardized incidence rates for localized disease largely mirrored the trends in PSA screening test rates, with a substantial ‘spike’ in the rates occurring in 1994, followed by a second ‘spike’ in 2008, and then a significant decrease from 2008 to 2015 (APC −6.7, 95% CI −8.2, −5.1). Increasing trends in incidence rates were observed for regional stage from the early 2000s, while decreasing or stable trends were observed for distant stage since 1993. The overall RP/Incidence ratio increased from 1998 to 2003 (APC 9.6, 95% CI 3.8, 15.6), then remained relatively stable to 2015. The overall 5-year relative survival for prostate cancer increased from 58.4% (95% CI: 55.0–61.7%) in 1981–1985 to 91.3% (95% CI: 90.5–92.1%) in 2011–2015. Prostate cancer mortality rates decreased from 1990 onwards (1990–2006: APC −1.7, 95% CI −2.1, −1.2; 2006–2017: APC −3.8, 95% CI −4.4, −3.1).ConclusionsOverall, there was a decrease in the incidence rate of localized prostate cancer after 2008, an increase in survival over time and a decrease in the mortality rate since the 1990s. This seems to indicate that the more conservative use of PSA screening tests in clinical practice since 2008 has not had a negative impact on population-wide prostate cancer outcomes.     

无充气腋窝入路腔镜下单侧甲状腺癌根治术与开放性手术的疗效比较及对免疫功能和颈部功能的影响

摘要 目的：比较无充气腋窝入路腔镜下单侧甲状腺癌根治术与开放性手术的疗效及对免疫功能和颈部功能的影响。方法：回顾性分析我院2020年8月～2021年8月期间收治的行单侧甲状腺癌根治术患者80例的临床资料。根据手术方式的不同将患者分为开放组（开放性手术）和腔镜组（无充气腋窝入路腔镜下单侧甲状腺癌根治术）,例数分别为37例和43例。对比两组疗效、免疫功能、颈部功能、美容学满意度和并发症情况。结果：与开放组相比,腔镜组术中出血量更少,手术时间、住院时间更长,引流液总量更多（P<0.05）,两组中央组淋巴结清扫数组间对比无统计学差异（P>0.05）。两组CD3⁺、CD4⁺、CD4⁺/CD8⁺下降,但腔镜组高于开放组;CD8+升高,但腔镜组低于开放组（P<0.05）。两组术后3d视觉疼痛模拟评分法（VAS）评分、颈部损伤指数对比,差异无统计学意义（P>0.05）。腔镜组吞咽障碍指数低于开放组（P<0.05）。腔镜组的总满意率高于开放组（P<0.05）。两组并发症发生率组间对比无统计学差异（P>0.05）。结论：与开放性手术治疗单侧甲状腺癌相比,无充气腋窝入路腔镜下单侧甲状腺癌根治术的手术时间和住院时间虽然延长,但其对患者免疫功能影响更轻,同时还可减轻患者吞咽障碍,获得更好的美容学满意度。     

C-C bond formation and cleavage in radical enzymes, a theoretical perspective

Quantum chemical methods are today a viable tool in the study of enzyme catalysis. The development of new density functional techniques and the enormous advancement in computer power have made it possible to accurately describe active sites of enzymes. This review gives a brief account of the methods and models used in this field. Three specific enzymes are discussed: pyruvate-formate lyase (PFL), spore photoproduct lyase (SPL), and benzylsuccinate synthase (BSS). What these enzymes have in common is that they use radical chemistry to catalyze C-C bond formation or cleavage reactions.     

Studies on the antioxidant activity of some chromonylrhodanine derivatives

Fifteen chromonylrhodamine derivatives (CRs) were synthesized and the antioxidant activity levels were evaluated for the first time. The antioxidant activity potencies of these chromone derivatives were evaluated towards superoxide anion radicals, hydroxyl radicals and 2,2‐diphenyl‐1‐picrylhydrazyl radicals. Also, the total antioxidant capacity of the tested compounds was measured using the ferric‐ferrozine assay. The antioxidant activities were investigated using a chemiluminescence (CL) assay, spectrophotometry measurements, direct electron paramagnetic resonance (EPR) and the EPR spin‐trapping technique. The 5,5‐dimethyl‐ 1‐pyrroline‐1‐oxide (DMPO) was applied as spin trap. Eleven of the 15 chromone compounds exhibited a decrease in the CL accompanying the superoxide anion radical produced in anhydrous dimethylsulfoxide (DMSO), ranging from 71–94% at concentration of 1 mmol /L; four of these compounds enhanced light emission in the range 231–672%. Similarly, these compounds caused 28–58% inhibition in the intensity of the DMPO‐OOH radical EPR signal and the DMPO‐OH radical (from 12–48%). Furthermore, three of these compounds showed very good antioxidant response towards the DPPH radical (EC₅₀: 0.51–0.56 µmol/L) and the high reduction potentials. These findings demonstrate that the chromone compounds tested may be considered as effective free radicals scavengers, a finding that is of great pharmacological importance. Copyright © 2014 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

腹腔镜肾癌根治术治疗肾癌的疗效观察

目的:观察腹腔镜肾癌根治术治疗肾癌的疗效。方法:选取2013年12月~2015年12月于我院诊治的肾细胞癌并行肾癌根治术患者70例,其中42例患者行腹腔镜肾癌根治术,纳入微创组;28例患者行开放性肾癌根治术,纳入对照组。比较两组患者围手术期情况、术后第3天炎症指标与肾功能、围术期并发症。结果:与对照组相比,微创组患者手术时间、住院时间、手术切口较短,术后下床走动时间、术后停止禁食时间较早,手术出血量、手术费用较少(P0.001)。与对照组相比,微创组患者WBC、CRP水平较低(P0.001)。微创组患者围术期总并发症发生率为4.8%,低于对照组(21.5%),差异有统计学意义(x~2=4.610,P=0.032)。结论:腹腔镜肾癌根治术治疗肾癌较开放性肾癌根治术有疗效佳、安全性好、术后恢复快及并发症少的优势,值得临床推广。